All posts by Kasey

About Kasey

Reads things. Writes things. Fluent in sarcasm. Willful optimist. Cat companion, chocolate connoisseur, coffee drinker. There are some who call me Mom.

MMGM Review: The Lion’s Run by Sarah Pennypacker

The Lion's Run by Sarah Pennypacker

The Lion’s Run
Sarah Pennypacker
Illustrated by Jon Klassen
Balzer + Bray
Published February 3, 2026

Amazon | Bookshop | Goodreads

About The Lion’s Run

The acclaimed, New York Times bestselling author of Pax delivers an historical novel about an orphan during WWII who discovers unexpected courage within himself when he becomes involved with the Resistance.

Petit éclair. That’s what the other boys at the orphanage call Lucas DuBois. Lucas is tired of his cowardly reputation, just as he’s tired of the war and the Nazi occupation of his French village. He longs to show how brave he can be.

He gets the chance when he saves a litter of kittens from cruel boys and brings them to an abandoned stable to care for them. There he comes upon a stranger who is none too happy to see him: Alice, the daughter of a horse trainer, who is hiding her filly from German soldiers.

Soon Lucas begins to realize they are not the only ones in the village with secrets. The housekeeper at the German maternity home and a priest at the orphanage pass coded messages; a young mother at the home makes dangerous plans to keep her baby from forced adoption; and a neighbor in town may be harboring a Jewish family.

Emboldened by the unlikely heroes all around him, Lucas is forced to decide how much he is willing to risk to make the most courageous rescue of all.

Perfect for fans of Alan Gratz, Ruta Sepetys, and Kimberly Brubaker Bradley, this accessible novel, told in short chapters, illuminates a little-known aspect of World War II history.

My Review

I could not put this book down. The author’s note at the beginning explains how Sarah Pennypacker learned about the Lebensborn program and the germination process of the idea that became The Lion’s Run.

The Lebensborn program is a part of history that I wasn’t familiar with. This was a Nazi program through which they planned to create a new generation of blond-haired, blue-eyed Germans. They did this by rounding up teenage girls who were pregnant by Nazi soldiers, imprisoning them in these Lebensborn facilities, where they were well-fed and cared for until the birth of their babies, when they were returned home. The babies were then forced into adoption.

Information about the program is pretty limited to keep the story appropriate for a middle grade audience. Lucas meets one of the moms and her baby and sympathizes with her over her situation. It’s also obvious that the girls living at the Lebensborn are well fed when everyone else in Lucas’s town is not getting enough to eat.

In terms of the story itself, I was wholly engrossed. Lucas wants to be brave and worries he isn’t. Yet, he saves kittens from drowning. He hides them, saving food from his own meager meals to give to the little furry critters. He also insists on helping adults in his life who are in the Resistance.

I loved how the story showed him processing the question of what it means to be brave and to help. What a timely message. This will resonate with both middle grade readers and older readers.

I highly recommend this book. It’s a great pick for readers interested in historical fiction, especially those who enjoy stories set during World War II. I think it’ll appeal to readers who like fast-paced stories, too.

Content Notes

Recommended for Ages 8 to 12.

Profanity/Crude Language Content
None.

Romance/Sexual Content
Lucas delivers groceries to a facility for pregnant teens called a Lebensborn. He befriends one of the young mothers and her newborn. Readers learn about the German initiative to imprison these girls, who are pregnant by Nazi soldiers, for the purpose of producing a new generation of blond-haired, blue-eyed children who are forced into adoptive homes in Germany.

Spiritual Content
Lucas lives at a Catholic convent and speaks with a priest who is part of the Resistance.

Violent Content
Situations of peril. A woman tells two boys to drown a litter of kittens they find near the convent. A boy throws a rock and hits another boy in the face. A boy buries broken glass in a dirt road, hoping to damage the tires of a German convoy. The story references other Resistance members who have been sent to concentration camps, or worse.

Drug Content
Before the babies at the Lebensborn are transported to Germany, the nurses add a drug to their milk so they’ll sleep through the trip.

Note: This post contains affiliate links, which do not cost you anything to use but help support this blog. I received a free copy of this book in exchange for my honest review. All opinions are my own.

Marvelous Middle-Grade Monday

I’m sharing this post as a part of a weekly round-up of middle-grade posts called Marvelous Middle-Grade Monday. Check out other blogs with posts about middle-grade books today on Marvelous Middle-Grade Mondays at Always in the Middle.

January 2026 Reading Recap

January 2026 Reading Recap

January has been a whirlwind month. I started the month with extra work from a client, which is great, but came with a bit of a learning curve. Some unexpected opportunities have come up, so I’m excited to see how those things turn out.

Reading-wise, this has been a great month. For the first time ever, I have a spreadsheet listing the unread books I own (and it’s embarrassingly long), and a plan to read more of them this year. I finished my January review requests by the middle of the month and started on February requests, though my reading has slowed down this week.

My littlest is still on a mystery reading binge, so we’re enjoying reading some middle grade mysteries together, like Bunnicula by Deborah and James Howe and Finally, Something Dangerous by Doug Cornett. Our Barnes & Noble recently had a moving sale, so we picked up a few middle grade fantasies that caught her eye and some graphic novels– her favorite things to read.

All together, I read 18 books this month. Weirdly, I read more middle grade this month than young adult titles. Usually it’s the other way around. I think some of what’s driving that, honestly, is stress. Middle grade books are often a little lighter and/or shorter than young adult books, which helps me move through them. Sometimes I just do not have room to experience anyone else’s emotions, even if they’re fictional ones.

At any rate, I read some great books this month that will stick with me for a long time. I’m excited to run through the list here.

Note: This post contains affiliate links that do not cost you anything to use but help support this blog. Thanks for using them to do your shopping.

January 2026 Reading Recap

I, in the Shadows by Tori Bovalino

Amazon | Bookshop | Goodreads

My thoughts: This is the first novel I read by this author, and I enjoyed it. Great balance between ghostly mystery-solving and the slowly developing sapphic romance.

Published January 13, 2026 | My Review


Too Bright to See by Kyle Lukoff

Amazon | Bookshop | Goodreads

My thoughts: First time I’ve read a full-length novel by the author. I loved the way Lukoff walks readers through Bug’s journey to discover an identity that truly fits. Really nicely done.

Published April 20, 2021 | My Review to Come


Eureka by Victoria Chang

Amazon | Bookshop | Goodreads

My thoughts: This is the second historical novel in verse that I’ve read in a short period of time. I think this format allows authors to hone in on the emotional experience the characters have while anchoring the story in a historical setting that doesn’t get bogged down with a lot of details. I love that authors are shedding light on little-discussed, important moments in our history.

Published January 27, 2026 | My Review


The Big Bad Wolf Murder by P. G. Bell

Amazon | Bookshop | Goodreads

My thoughts: What a fun ride! I love the story world. Love the characters. The mystery elements are balanced well with the fantasy and sports elements. I’m definitely going to read more by this author.

Published January 20, 2026 | My Review


Simon Sort of Says by Erin Bow

Amazon | Bookshop | Goodreads

My thoughts: Oof. This one hits hard as it’s about a boy who survives a school shooting. I thought I was emotionally prepared for this, but it was still a hard read at times. I love the humor, the ridiculous moments, and the relationships between the characters, especially Simon and Agate.

Published January 31, 2023 | My Review to Come


Worst-Case Scenario by Ray Stoeve

Amazon | Bookshop | Goodreads

My thoughts: Wow! I already knew that I liked Stoeve’s writing, but I love the nuanced, tender mental health representation here. Beautifully done.

Published January 20, 2026 | My Review


The Ribbon Skirt by Cameron Mukwa

Amazon | Bookshop | Goodreads

My thoughts: This faith-positive, inclusive graphic novel follows Anang as they set out to create a ribbon skirt for their community’s next powwow.

Published November 12, 2024 | My Review to Come


Finally, Something Dangerous (The One and Onlys #2) by Doug Cornett

Amazon | Bookshop | Goodreads

What you need to know: My daughter and I read this together after she enjoyed the first book in the series. We enjoyed the upbeat humor and mystery elements, along with the brush past gentrification’s effect on communities.

Published November 22, 2022 | My Review


Her Name in the Sky by Kelly Quindlen

Amazon | Bookshop | Goodreads

My thoughts: Grab a box of tissues for this one. I must have sobbed through fully half of this story, but it’s so powerfully told and has such an uplifting, relevant message. Quindlen deftly navigates her characters’ journeys of faith and identity. Adult characters are present without stealing the spotlight.

Published January 27, 2026 (Orig. 2014) | My Review


There’s Always Next Year by Leah Johnson and George M. Johnson

Amazon | Bookshop | Goodreads

My thoughts: A perfect winter romance to read with a cup of cocoa. Great characters and lots of humor. These coauthors did a fabulous job putting this story together.

Published December 2, 2025 | My Review


Better Catch Up, Krishna Kumar by Anahita Karthik

Amazon | Bookshop | Goodreads

My thoughts: I love an awkward narrator who is so in her own head, and Krishna is exactly that. This book has a sweet (with a hint of spicy) romance, a fun road trip, and a wonderful emphasis on family relationships and going all out for the ones we love.

Published January 27, 2026 | My Review


Bunnicula: A Rabbit-Tale of Mystery by Deborah Howe and James Howe

Amazon | Bookshop | Goodreads

My thoughts: My littlest and I continued our mystery binge with this classic tale of the vampire bunny who bites… vegetables! The writing feels very 1970s, but the story is still very accessible. A quick, humorous read.

Published August 8, 2006 (Orig. 1979) | My Review to Come


The Swan’s Daughter: A Possibly Doomed Love Story by Roshani Chokshi

Amazon | Bookshop | Goodreads

My thoughts: This is one of my most-anticipated books for 2026, and it did NOT disappoint. I’ve been longing for another fantasy novel from Chokshi since her last one. I love the rich fantasy landscape, complex characters, and delicious romance.

Published January 6, 2026 | My Review to Come


Night by Elie Wiesel (Night Trilogy #1)

Amazon | Bookshop | Goodreads

My thoughts: I read this book for International Holocaust Remembrance Day. Wiesel’s straightforward memoir of his experiences in Auschwitz and Buchenwald can’t help but leave a mark on anyone who reads it, and I think everyone should.

January 16, 2006 (Orig. 1956) | My Review


Pet by Akwaeke Emezi (Pet #1)

Amazon | Bookshop | Goodreads

My thoughts: This book has been on my TBR for a long time, and yet it’s so interesting to read it right now, in January of 2026, and to think about what monsters look like.

Published September 10, 2019 | My Review to Come


The Aftermyth by Tracy Wolff

Amazon | Bookshop | Goodreads

My thoughts: A long book (over 400 pages) with short chapters that kept me reading. I liked the exploration of myths and who wrote them, inviting readers to consider the stories in a larger context.

Published February 3, 2026 | My Review


Until the Clock Strikes Midnight by Alechia Dow

Amazon | Bookshop | Goodreads

My thoughts: Alechia Dow is an auto-read author for me. I love the playfulness and vulnerability of this story. Its uplifting message was perfectly timed. The magical setting is lovely. I really enjoyed this one.

Published February 3, 2026 | My Review to Come


City Spies: Golden Gate (City Spies #2) by James Ponti

Amazon | Bookshop | Goodreads

My thoughts: After reading the first City Spies novel last year, I wasn’t sure whether I’d continue with the series. I think book 7 comes out this year, so that leaves a lot of ground to cover. This one really pulled me into the story and made me want to read more. That ending hit me right in the feels.

Published March 9, 2021 | My Review to Come


What did you read in January 2026?

What books were on your January 2026 reading list? I’d love to hear about them. Have you read any of the titles I listed? Leave a comment and let me know if you enjoyed them.

Review: Until the Clock Strikes Midnight by Alechia Dow

Until the Clock Strikes Midnight
Alechia Dow
Feiwel & Friends
Published February 3, 2026

Amazon | Bookshop | Goodreads

About Until the Clock Strikes Midnight

The Good Place meets the Brandy version of Cinderella in Until the Clock Strikes Midnight, a cozy, romantic fantasy from award-winning author Alechia Dow.

Darling is the most talented—and unusual—Guardian to get a chance at winning the coveted once-in-a-generation Mortal Outcome Council mentorship. Getting the spot would mean having the opportunity to shape the future happiness of all mortal realms—if she succeeds at her first assignment, Lucy Addlesberg. Darling thinks it’ll be an easy razzle-dazzle job… until she actually meets Lucy. Her life is a complete mess, from her failing bookshop in her downtrodden village to her doomed flirtation with the princess of Lumina. But if there’s one thing Darling’s good at, it’s a makeover.

Calamity is the most talented—and arrogant—Misfortune of his class. It’s his job to save mortals from their own terrible decisions made in the pursuit of the mythical “Happily Ever After.” When Calam is granted a shot at the Mortal Outcome Council mentorship, he thinks his dreams are finally coming true. But first, he must pass the test. It should be easy—Lucy Addlesberg has been unfortunate for years. All he has to do is continue her string of bad luck so she can finally come to terms with reality and settle for a safer, more logical path in life. Yet when he arrives, he finds that Lucy has a Guardian assigned to her too—a chipper overachiever who is as colorful as the magic pouring from her glittery wand.

To thwart each other, Darling and Calam insert themselves into Lucy’s life posing as a betrothed couple. As they try to guide her down what they each see as the best path for her, they start questioning their roles and ultimately what they truly want for themselves… and if those feelings of loathing they have for each other might actually be something more like love.

My Review

Darling had me on page one. I found her so relatable and her perspective so much fun to read. The story is predominantly set in a bookshop – another win, as far as I’m concerned! I also enjoyed the chemistry between Darling and Calamity. It felt present without dominating the story. I liked watching them figure one another out. I loved how they both fell in love with the town and the bookstore.

Darling takes medication to manage her bipolar disorder. She is very aware of how missing her pill impacts her health. The author could have created a more magical treatment for Darling, but I actually really appreciate that she presented a daily pill right in the midst of this whimsical, magical story. It was like a quiet statement that taking medication doesn’t inhibit the magic. It was also a reminder to readers that taking medication doesn’t make someone deficient in some way. Even a fairy needs to take medicine to support her health.

I liked the pace of the romance in the book. I especially like the balance between Darling and Calamity’s developing feelings and Lucy and her love interest’s romantic arc.

If you’re looking for a mental health-positive fantasy packed with whimsy and drizzled with romance, definitely check this one out. I’ve enjoyed all of Dow’s books, so I’ll take this moment to say that if your taste runs more toward sci-fi than fantasy, be sure to check out her earlier books: The Sound of Stars, The Kindred, and A Song of Salvation.

Content Notes

Recommended for Ages 14 up.

Profanity/Crude Language Content
Very infrequent use of profanity.

Romance/Sexual Content
Kissing. Reference to sex.

Spiritual Content
Darling and Calamity have the ability to do some magic. Fairies and other magical beings exist in this story world.

Violent Content
A few characters bully and/or try to manipulate others.

Drug Content
None.

Note: This post contains affiliate links, which do not cost you anything to use but help support this blog. I received a free copy of this book in exchange for my honest review. All opinions are my own.

Review: The Swan’s Daughter by Roshani Chokshi

The Swan’s Daughter
Roshani Chokshi
Wednesday Books
Published January 6, 2026

Amazon | Bookshop | Goodreads

The Swan’s Daughter

In this lush and romantic novel from New York Times bestselling author Roshani Chokshi, a prince is only as good as his beating heart and a maiden is only as good as her honest word. But when love and the truth become impossibly tangled, the two must figure out how to survive together, or fall completely apart.

To find love is a curse …

Prince Arris knows that marriage means murder. Thanks to a poorly worded wish to a sea witch, all one needs to rule the Isle of Malys is the heart and hand of the kingdom’s heir. Historically, this has been construed quite literally.

Thus, Arris expects that the day after his marriage and murder he will wake up as a sentient tree alongside the rest of his predecessors. His only chance at a long life is finding true and lasting love. When Arris’s parents announce a tournament of brides to compete for his hand and heart, a slew of eligible, lovely and (possibly murderous) bachelorettes make their way to Rathe Castle. Amidst glittering balls in ozorald caves, strolls through menageries of daydream trees and pearl crocodiles, tea time on glass boats and kisses that leave his head spinning, Arris cannot tell who is here out of love for him…or lust for power.

Until he meets Demelza.

As a veritas swan, Demelza’s song wrings out the truth. Forced into hiding, Demelza strikes a deal. Arris will provide her with safekeeping in exchange for her truth-telling song to sort through his potential brides.

While Arris is used to dodging death threats and Demelza is accustomed to fighting for her voice to be heard, to survive the tournament of brides requires a different kind of bravery. And perhaps the bravest thing one can do is not merely protect one’s life, but find the courage to chase a life worth living.

My Review

LOOK AT ME READING THE BOOK I PRE-ORDERED IN A TIMELY MANNER. I cannot believe I missed all announcements about this book last year. What rock was I living under? I’m glad I heard about it in time to pre-order a copy. I’ve been a fan of Roshani Chokshi’s books, especially her young adult titles, since her debut. Knowing she had a new young adult fantasy book coming out this year was super exciting.

The book starts out a little bit slowly, but don’t be fooled. The setup showing her parents’ romantic relationship does some heavy lifting in terms of immersing us in the whimsical story world. I loved all the weird magical elements and complex relationships. The story stays in a lighthearted fantasy tone, but it has some teeth to it, too.

I loved Demelza and Arris. She’s smart and anxious. He’s romantic and imaginative. I like that they stay true to those qualities even as they get to know one another. Part of the story is figuring out whether two people so different could have a sustainable romance. Demelza’s friends are great, too. I laughed so much at some of the things that happened with them.

Reading this book was a very welcome escape for me, which I really appreciated. If you are looking for a fairytale-like story that isn’t a retelling, definitely check this one out.

Content Notes

Recommended for Ages 14 up.

Profanity/Crude Language Content
List.

Romance/Sexual Content
List.

Spiritual Content
List.

Violent Content
List.

Drug Content
List.

Note: This post contains affiliate links, which do not cost you anything to use but help support this blog. I pre-ordered a copy of this book. All opinions are my own.

Review: Song of a Blackbird by Maria van Lieshout

Song of a Blackbird
Maria van Lieshout
First Second
Published January 21, 2025

Amazon | Bookshop | Goodreads

About Song of a Blackbird

Fictionalized but based on true events, Song of a Blackbird has two intertwined timelines: one is a modern-day family drama, the other a thrilling tale of a WWII-era bank heist carried out by Dutch resistance fighters.

In the present day, teenage Annick is desperate to find a bone marrow donor that could save the life of her grandmother, Johanna. She turns to her family history and discovers a photograph taken by Emma Bergsma.

Decades earlier, Emma is a young art student about to be drawn into what will become the biggest bank heist in European history: swapping 50 Million Guilders’ worth of forged bank notes for real ones―right under the noses of the Nazis! Emma’s life―and the lives of thousands, including a young woman named Johanna―hangs in the balance.

In this stranger-than-fiction graphic novel, Maria van Lieshout weaves a tale about family, courage, and the power of art. Deeply personal yet universal, Song of a Blackbird sheds light on an untold WWII story and sends a powerful message about compassion and resistance.

My Review

I love that the narrator of the book is a blackbird representing the spirit of resilience and the power of compassion. The scenes alternate between two timelines: 1943 and 2011. In 1943, we follow Emma, a young woman who has just joined the Dutch resistance and agrees to help hide Jewish children scheduled for deportation. She winds up helping print forged ration cards and bank certificates as part of a heist plot.

In 2011, we follow a teenage girl whose grandmother has just learned she was one of the children hidden in Amsterdam and adopted by a non-Jewish family. Oma has leukemia and needs a bone marrow transplant, which makes it crucial that Annick, her granddaughter, help to track down her biological family.

Annick follows clues in a series of prints on her grandmother’s walls. Each section of the book begins with one of those prints and shows Annick’s research, as well as Emma, the artist who created the prints, and her work to hide Annick’s grandmother aid the resistance movement.

The use of the prints and the presence of artists in both time periods emphasize the importance of art as resistance and the powerful impact it has on its creator and viewers. Emma’s prints tell the story of her work, ensuring that history isn’t forgotten.

The illustrations are in grayscale except for a reddish-orange color. I love the way the author uses that orange to draw attention to certain elements. It also reminds me of sunrise, which made the color seem like a symbol of hope and resistance in and of itself.

The back of the book has some historical notes about each person who inspired characters in this graphic novel. Photographs of each person appear there, but Lieshout has also strategically placed photographs throughout the scenes of the book.

Concusion

I’m really blown away by how powerful this story is. I wasn’t sure I’d like the bird narration, but I really ended up loving it. The notes that piece together the truths that inspired the story are such a great addition. This is a story I’m not going to forget.

Content Notes

Recommended for Ages 13 up.

Profanity/Crude Language Content
Mild profanity used very infrequently.

Romance/Sexual Content
Allusion to the attraction between two people. One panel shows two teenagers kissing.

Spiritual Content
A priest helps hide several Jewish boys in his church.

Violent Content
References to deportations and rumors of execution at concentration camps. Mass arrests. Resistance workers know they can be arrested and interrogated or tortured. A man temporarily escapes soldiers, but has a gunshot wound that leaves his legs paralyzed. One scene shows a group of men (resistance members) executed by firing squad.

Drug Content
Panels show adults smoking and drinking alcohol in some scenes.

Note: This post contains affiliate links, which do not cost you anything to use but help support this blog. I borrowed a copy of this book from my local library. All opinions are my own.

Review: As Long As the Lemon Trees Grow by Zoulfa Katouh

As Long As the Lemon Trees Grow
Zoulfa Katou
Little, Brown Books for Young Readers
Published September 13, 2022

Amazon | Bookshop | Goodreads

About As Long As the Lemon Trees Grow

A love letter to Syria and its people, As Long as the Lemon Trees Grow is a speculative novel set amid the Syrian Revolution, burning with the fires of hope, love, and possibility. Perfect for fans of The Book Thief and Salt to the Sea.

Salama Kassab was a pharmacy student when the cries for freedom broke out in Syria. She still had her parents and her older brother; she still had her home. She had a normal teenager’s life. 

Now Salama volunteers at a hospital in Homs, helping the wounded who flood through the doors daily. Secretly, though, she is desperate to find a way out of her beloved country before her sister-in-law, Layla, gives birth. So desperate, that she has manifested a physical embodiment of her fear in the form of her imagined companion, Khawf, who haunts her every move in an effort to keep her safe. 

But even with Khawf pressing her to leave, Salama is torn between her loyalty to her country and her conviction to survive. Salama must contend with bullets and bombs, military assaults, and her shifting sense of morality before she might finally breathe free. And when she crosses paths with the boy she was supposed to meet one fateful day, she starts to doubt her resolve in leaving home at all.  
 
Soon, Salama must learn to see the events around her for what they truly are—not a war, but a revolution—and decide how she, too, will cry for Syria’s freedom.

My Review

It was hard for me to read some of the chapters in the book because they detail an up-close look at the revolution in Syria. It’s intense, with Salama fearing for her life at every turn and dealing with the ongoing trauma of the losses she’s experienced and the flow of patients visiting the hospital after being wounded by the warfare.

Salama lives in fear of what will happen to her family members and herself. Every time she leaves her apartment, she faces the possibility of death. She sees so many children harmed by the war. Khawf may be the product of her fear and trauma, but he is as cruel as her circumstances. He forces her to relive her losses, threatening to torment her with more vivid hallucinations if she doesn’t take steps to leave the country.

Meeting Kenan brings some brightness to her life. The two share a sweet romance, one that respects the customs and values of their culture, and shows their deep feeling for one another. They bond over a shared love for Studio Ghibli films and their dreams of writing stories or animating films.

The contrast between the lightness of their relationship and the heaviness of life in war-torn Homs really stood out in this story. Salama feels so torn between needing to help her people and yet still longing for joy and wanting to craft a life with a future for herself. It was easy to feel every emotion she experienced through the writing and descriptions.

Conclusion

I’m so glad I read this book, even though some parts made me uncomfortable. It was good to sit with the reminder of how ugly war is and the high cost for the civilians living in a war-torn area. I recommend the book for readers interested in stories about Syria and the Middle East. It’s also a great choice for anyone interested in YA with a protagonist with medical expertise.

Content Notes

Recommended for Ages 16 up.

Profanity/Crude Language Content
Strong profanity used infrequently.

Romance/Sexual Content
Kissing.

Spiritual Content
References to Islamic prayers and holidays.

Violent Content
Situations of peril. References to rape and torture. (Not shown on scene.) Salama relives fractured memories of her loved ones’ deaths. Salama helps treat civilians (including children) who are victims of bombing, sniper attacks, and chemical warfare. A soldier executes a child and mother. Soldiers repeatedly hit someone and start to assault a young woman. (Someone stops this from happening.)

Drug Content
None.

Note: This post contains affiliate links, which do not cost you anything to use but help support this blog. I borrowed this book from the library. All opinions are my own.